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Are they fireflies, glowworms or lightning bugs? I don’t think it matters what you call them. One of my favorite sights of summer are those yellow-green orbs flashing against the backdrop of my garden at dusk.

Fireflies are not flies. Nor are lightning bugs, bugs. And no one would think that a glowworm is actually a worm. These creatures are classified as beetles and inhabit areas like meadows, open woods and Midwestern backyards. They seem to prefer moister habitats for breeding and laying eggs, and they are carnivorous.

More than 2000 species of these luminescent beings sparkle and flicker in yards and forests all over the world. Firefly lamps glow in many colors, from yellow which is common in our area, to orange, green, and even blue. The light is produced by a reaction between a chemical they produce, called Luciferin, and oxygen. Some flash in quick, single flickers, while others leave long, glowing trails. Not much is known about the meaning of the lighting patterns, but researchers are trying to unravel the mystery. It is believed that fireflies may use different blinks to attract mates, to discourage predators, or to show off for riva

But these tiny flashers bring more than whimsy to the backyard picnic table. Their bioluminescent abilities have led to the development of new flashlight and flare technology. The chemicals that produce the light are being investigated in research for fighting cancer, multiple sclerosis, and heart disease. That is one beneficial insect! 

I spent summers catching fireflies in jars during childhood vacations in Ohio. We didn’t have them in Michigan where I grew up. So I was especially excited to share that experience with my kids when we moved to Madison where they always seem to make their first appearance close to my birthday in mid to late June. It’s my own annual magic show. 

How can you attract and protect them? First dim those lights! Bright outdoor lighting can mask the mystery. Leave a little messy corner in your yard for them to congregate. Super tidy environments are not their favorite. They’d prefer a bit of leaf litter to lay their eggs. Small trees and open shrubs provide protection from predators. They also like a water source, just as birds and butterflies, fireflies are attracted to a small pond or other gentle water feature. When gardening, use natural fertilizers and avoid insecticides. Finally, let your lawn grow a little taller. Fireflies like long grass for mating. 

One of the events on my bucket list is to attend the Pennsylvania Firefly Festival in the Allegheny Mountains, home to more than 15 different species of fireflies. 2018’s festival was last weekend, so I have missed it this year, but I’m definitely adding it to next summer’s calendar. There are informational sessions on habitat conservation and a lot of firefly-based activity. For me, however, the ultimate experience would be to experience the guided firefly walks through the woods. The photos are amazing. 

Add fireflies to that list of wild creatures you’d like in your yard. They’re certainly as beautiful as butterflies, as useful as honeybees, and as magical as hummingbirds.

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